Euro holds above 1.1200 despite paring gains as France stays in focus

  • EUR/USD trades around 1.1220, having met resistance just above 1.1260 on Tuesday.
  • Political uncertainty and debt concerns in France leave investors reluctant to take sizeable Euro positions.
  • Uncertainty over the extent of the Fed’s tightening cycle continues to weigh on the US Dollar.


At 1.1220 on Wednesday, EUR/USD has slipped back after its advance stalled just above 1.1260 on Tuesday. The Euro (EUR) is surrendering some of its recent gains against the US Dollar (USD), as unrest in France unsettles investors and French borrowing costs continue to rise.

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Partial curfews were imposed in several French cities this week after student protests turned violent last weekend. The demonstrations had spread across the country over the preceding few weeks, before scenes of looting and destruction were broadcast around the world.

Rising French borrowing costs hold back the Euro’s recovery

At 4.98%, the yield on France’s 10-year OAT has reached its highest level in 24 years as the country’s debt premium continues to climb. Its spread over the German Bund, regarded as the safer asset, has widened to 157 basis points. This measure of France’s risk premium is now at its highest since the 2009-2011 financial crisis.

Further losses in the pair are nevertheless being limited by a weak US Dollar, which offers the Euro some support. With no major US macroeconomic releases to provide direction, the Dollar is struggling for momentum. Investors are preparing for a pause by the Federal Reserve (Fed) next week while assessing how far the monetary tightening cycle will extend.

ING: AI concerns and a changing Fed Oil response weigh on the Dollar

A combination of lingering AI concerns and the unwinding of extended positions is weighing on the Dollar, according to ING analysts. They note that it “continues to trade with a soft undertone,” citing “a mix of some aftereffects of AI-related concerns (Corewave bonds had another wobble yesterday) and stretched longs/ short-term overvaluations being unwound.”

The currency’s response to energy prices is also undergoing a subtle change, ING suggests, noting that “the dollar’s reaction function to Oil may have changed over the past week or so.” The analysts argue that “rising concerns about tech stocks have somewhat dented the market’s hawkish conviction on the Fed, allowing for greater dovish flexibility at the front end in response to non-data inputs like an oil selloff,” a development that is adding to the Dollar’s softer tone.

Euro questions answered

Used by the 20 European Union countries within the Eurozone, the Euro ranks behind only the US Dollar among the world’s most actively traded currencies. During 2022, its share of all foreign exchange transactions was 31%, with average daily turnover exceeding $2.2 trillion. An estimated 30% of all transactions involve EUR/USD, making it the world’s most actively traded currency pair. Next are EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).

Based in Frankfurt, Germany, the European Central Bank (ECB) acts as the Eurozone’s reserve bank, setting interest rates and conducting monetary policy. Maintaining price stability is its principal mandate, whether through containing inflation or supporting growth. Interest rate increases and reductions are its main policy instrument. When rates are relatively high, or expected to rise, the Euro usually benefits; the reverse also holds. Monetary policy is decided by the ECB Governing Council at eight meetings each year. The decision-makers comprise the heads of the Eurozone’s national banks and six permanent members, among them ECB President Christine Lagarde.

Measured using the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), Eurozone inflation is a key economic indicator for the Euro. An unexpectedly sharp rise in inflation, particularly above the ECB’s 2% target, requires the central bank to increase interest rates to regain control of price pressures. When the region’s interest rates are relatively high compared with those elsewhere, the Euro typically benefits, as global investors find it more attractive to place their money there.

By revealing the state of the economy, data releases can move the Euro. GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment figures and consumer sentiment surveys are among the indicators that influence the single currency’s direction. Economic strength supports the Euro by attracting foreign investment and potentially prompting the ECB to raise interest rates, which directly strengthens the currency. Weak figures, by contrast, are likely to push the Euro lower. Particular weight is attached to releases from the euro area’s four largest economies: Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Together, they represent 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.

The Trade Balance is another important release for the Euro, showing the difference between a country’s export earnings and its import spending over a specified period. Strong overseas demand for a country’s exports creates additional demand for its currency as foreign buyers purchase those goods, lifting its value. A positive net Trade Balance therefore supports a currency, while a negative balance has the opposite effect.