WTI Oil climbs above $99 as Middle East war threatens to become more complicated

  • A 1.9% rebound takes WTI oil above $99.00 to session highs on Thursday.
  • Crude prices have gained as fresh attacks on Saudi oilfields fuel fears of a further escalation in the conflict.
  • Wednesday’s EIA figures showed a much larger decline than expected in US crude oil stocks last week.

A gain of about 1.9% so far on Thursday has lifted the US benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil above $99.00. The strong rebound in oil prices comes as a deteriorating outlook for the Middle East conflict revives concerns over supply restrictions, with Iran issuing fresh threats against the US military and speculation growing that Israel might re-enter the conflict.

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Earlier on Thursday, the navy of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) stated that US bases in the region might face attacks if Washington continued to insist on sending vessels through the Strait of Hormuz along routes deemed illegal.

According to the IRGC, its forces also struck four vessels involved in illegal oil transfers in the Persian Gulf. It added that three other vessels had hit sea mines while trying to pass through the Hormuz sea corridor.

Fresh attacks sustain threat to Saudi oilfields

The statements came after another drone attack on Aramco’s Shaybah Oilfield by the Yemeni Houthi militias, a close ally of Tehran. The attack reportedly killed two people, renewing worries about disruptions to Saudi oil supplies.

Adding to those concerns, The New York Times reported, citing US officials, that the US and Israel might be preparing another round of major airstrikes against Iran after the US mid-term elections. The reported aim would be to force Tehran to make concessions in negotiations. 

A 3.1 million-barrel decline in commercial oil inventories in the week ending 16 October was reported by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) on Wednesday. The drawdown was substantially larger than the 800K barrels forecast by market analysts, lending further support to prices.

WTI Oil: Key Questions Answered

Traded on international markets, WTI oil takes its name from West Texas Intermediate and ranks alongside Brent and Dubai Crude as one of the three main types of crude oil. Its relatively low gravity and sulphur content earn it the descriptions “light” and “sweet”, respectively. These qualities make it a high-quality oil that is straightforward to refine. Produced in the United States, it is distributed through the Cushing hub, known as “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. WTI serves as an oil market benchmark, with its price regularly cited in the media.

Supply and demand determine WTI oil prices, as they do for other assets. Stronger global growth can lift demand, while weaker growth can have the reverse effect. Supply disruptions caused by political instability, wars or sanctions can also affect prices. Another important influence is OPEC, a group of major oil-producing countries whose decisions help shape the market. Because oil is traded mainly in US Dollars, the currency’s value also matters: a weaker US Dollar can make WTI crude oil more affordable, while a stronger one can make it less so.

WTI oil prices respond to weekly inventory figures from the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA), as stock changes reflect shifts in supply and demand. Falling inventories can signal stronger demand and lift prices; rising stocks can point to increased supply and weigh on prices. The API releases its report each Tuesday, followed by the EIA the next day. The two sets of results tend to be similar, coming within 1% of one another 75% of the time. As the EIA is a government agency, its figures are regarded as more reliable.

At meetings held twice a year, the 12 oil-producing nations in OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) jointly set production quotas for their members. These decisions frequently affect WTI oil prices: lower quotas can constrain supply and lift prices, while higher production has the reverse effect. The broader OPEC+ grouping brings in ten additional countries outside OPEC, most notably Russia.