
The Dollar Index slid to its weakest level since 1 October as reports suggested Washington and Tehran had both granted preliminary approval to a compromise proposed by Qatar and Pakistan. The initial report sent it from near 101.75 to around 101.65; details of the terms from Israel's Channel 12 then drove it to just above 101.50. A diplomat involved in the talks subsequently dismissed reports of an imminent deal as incorrect, prompting a recovery towards 101.70.

Cheaper energy supported the Euro, which accounts for more than half the index's weight, after the reports triggered a decline in Crude Oil. With Treasury Secretary Bessent attributing higher US rates to the energy shock, an agreement that brings the shock to an end could lower US rates and weaken the Dollar.
Weak housing data strengthened the argument against further Fed rate hikes, although the index advanced on the chart bars corresponding to both releases. September housing starts declined to 1.221 million, below the 1.3 million forecast. Pending home sales, meanwhile, sank 7.3% to a record low, compared with an expected decline of 0.5%.
No Fed commentary is due before the 28 October decision, as officials observe their quiet period ahead of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting on 27-28 October. Of 100 economists polled, 94 anticipate rates will remain at 3.75%-4.00% in October, while all 100 forecast a rate hike in December.
Thursday brings initial jobless claims at 12:30 GMT, followed by S&P Global's flash Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) readings for October at 13:45 GMT on Friday. Both releases feed into the argument for raising rates on 28 October rather than in December, an outcome expected by 6 of the 100 economists.
By the time it reached its low, the index had retraced roughly a third of the rise from the 9 September low near 98.60 to the 14 October high just below 103.00. The session's trough also sits below Friday's dip near 101.60. Meanwhile, the 50-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) lies just below 101.00, around three-quarters of a point lower.

As the official currency of the United States of America, the US Dollar (USD) also circulates alongside local banknotes as the ‘de facto’ currency in a significant number of other countries. No other currency is traded more heavily worldwide. According to 2022 data, it accounts for over 88% of global foreign exchange turnover, equivalent to average daily transactions of $6.6 trillion. The USD replaced the British Pound as the world's reserve currency after the Second World War. Gold backed the US Dollar for most of its history, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 brought an end to the Gold Standard.
Monetary policy, set by the Federal Reserve (Fed), is the single biggest influence on the US Dollar's value. Adjustments to interest rates are the Fed's main means of fulfilling its twin mandates: price stability, through controlling inflation, and full employment. If prices rise too rapidly and inflation exceeds the Fed's 2% target, the central bank raises rates, supporting the USD. Conversely, inflation below 2% or an excessively high Unemployment Rate may prompt the Fed to cut interest rates, putting pressure on the Greenback.
When conditions become extreme, the Federal Reserve may print additional Dollars and introduce quantitative easing (QE). Through QE, the Fed sharply expands the supply of credit to a financial system that has become stuck. This unconventional policy is deployed when credit dries up because banks, fearing counterparty defaults, refuse to lend to one another. It serves as a last resort when interest-rate cuts alone are unlikely to deliver the required outcome. During the Great Financial Crisis in 2008, the Fed chose QE to tackle the credit crunch. The process entails printing more Dollars to purchase US government bonds, mainly from financial institutions. The usual result of QE is a weaker US Dollar.
Typically supportive of the US Dollar, quantitative tightening (QT) reverses the QE process. Under QT, the Federal Reserve halts bond purchases from financial institutions and refrains from reinvesting the principal repaid on its maturing bond holdings in fresh purchases.