Euro retreats from early gains amid French fiscal risks and higher oil prices

  • Early Euro gains against the US Dollar fade as several headwinds weigh on the currency.
  • Pressure on the Euro persists amid high oil prices and fiscal risks in France.
  • Interest rates are expected to remain unchanged at both the Fed and the ECB next week.

Under pressure from several headwinds, the Euro (EUR) erases its earlier advance against the US Dollar (USD), leaving the major currency pair broadly flat around 1.1234 in Thursday’s European session.

How are energy costs and French debt worries weighing on Euro sentiment?

TMGM Analysis: Financial Market News, Economic Calendar & Market Insights

Sentiment has been the main driver of the Euro’s latest decline, according to strategists at Danske Bank, who emphasise that “the decline in the pair is driven by the combination of high energy prices and EUR-pessimism on the back of French debt worries.” In their assessment, these pressures have deepened the caution already surrounding the single currency. Investors remain reluctant to increase Euro exposure, even without a clear directional trigger from broader markets.

The continent’s heavy dependence on imported oil to meet its energy needs makes higher oil prices unfavourable for the Euro. At the time of writing, WTI Oil is trading near $99.50, up 2%.

Attention is also turning to Friday’s release of the October flash PMI figures for the Eurozone and the United States (US). Overall business activity in both economies is expected to have continued expanding, although at a moderate pace.

Next week’s monetary policy decisions from the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Federal Reserve (Fed) will provide key triggers for the Euro and the US Dollar. Both central banks are expected to hold interest rates steady.

EUR/USD Technical Analysis: Can the pair regain its short-term EMA?

A mildly bearish bias persists on the daily chart, with EUR/USD at 1.1231, below its 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of 1.1266. This short-term EMA continues to limit advances, indicating that rallies are still attracting selling. Meanwhile, a Relative Strength Index (RSI) reading near 40 points to weak but stabilising downward momentum, rather than outright oversold conditions.

For bulls, the first hurdle is the 20-day EMA at 1.1266. A move back above this immediate resistance is needed to relieve the current pressure and pave the way for a more sustained recovery. Conversely, with no nearby measured support levels in the data set, the spot rate remains exposed to further declines towards earlier price lows. Sentiment is likely to remain fragile as long as EUR/USD stays below the short-term EMA.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)

Euro: frequently asked questions

Used by the 20 European Union countries within the Eurozone, the Euro ranks second only to the US Dollar among the world’s most actively traded currencies. Its share of all foreign exchange transactions stood at 31% in 2022, with average daily turnover exceeding $2.2 trillion. The world’s most actively traded currency pair, EUR/USD, represents an estimated 30% of all transactions. It is followed by EUR/JPY at 4%, EUR/GBP at 3% and EUR/AUD at 2%.

Based in Frankfurt, Germany, the European Central Bank (ECB) serves as the Eurozone’s reserve bank, setting interest rates and overseeing monetary policy. Maintaining price stability is the ECB’s core mandate, requiring it either to curb inflation or to stimulate growth. Adjusting interest rates upwards or downwards is its main policy tool. The Euro typically benefits from relatively high interest rates, or expectations of higher rates, while the reverse also holds. Monetary policy is decided by the ECB Governing Council at eight meetings each year. The decision-makers comprise the heads of the Eurozone’s national banks and six permanent members, among them ECB President Christine Lagarde.

An important economic measure for the Euro is Eurozone inflation, tracked through the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). An increase beyond expectations, particularly above the ECB’s 2% target, obliges the central bank to raise interest rates to bring inflation back under control. The Euro usually gains support when interest rates are relatively high compared with those of its counterparts, since the region becomes a more attractive destination for global investors’ funds.

By revealing the state of the economy, data releases can affect the Euro. GDP figures, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment data and consumer sentiment surveys are among the indicators that can steer the single currency. Economic strength supports the Euro by drawing in more foreign investment. It may also prompt the ECB to raise interest rates, directly strengthening the currency. Weak economic figures, by contrast, are likely to weigh on the Euro. Particularly important are releases from Germany, France, Italy and Spain, the euro area’s four largest economies, which together represent 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.

The Trade Balance is another key release for the Euro, showing the gap between a country’s export earnings and its spending on imports over a specified period. Strong foreign demand for a country’s exports creates additional demand for its currency as overseas buyers seek to purchase those goods, lifting the currency’s value. A positive net Trade Balance therefore strengthens a currency, while a negative balance has the opposite effect.